Title Author(s)
Date Tags
Studying the Nedap/Groenendaal ES3B Voting Computer: A Computer Security Perspective , Rop Gonggrijp,Willem-Jan Hengeveld
08/06/07
security , eu , The Nedap/Groenendaal ES3B voting computer is being used by 90% of the Dutch voters. With
very minor modifications, the same computer...
Security Analysis of the Diebold AccuVote-TS Voting Machine , Ariel J. Feldman, J. Alex Halderman Princeton University, Ed Felten
08/06/07
security , AccuVote , This paper presents a fully independent security study of a Diebold AccuVote-TS voting machine, including its hardware and software. We...
An Analysis of the Hart Intercivic DAU eSlate , Elliot Proebstel, Sean Riddle, Francis Hsu, Justin Cummins UC Davis, Freddie Oakley, Tom Stanionis Yo, Matt Bishop
08/06/07
eSlate , This paper reports on an analysis of the Hart InterCivic DAU eSlate unit equipped for disabled access and the associated...
Casting Votes in the Auditorium , Daniel Sandler, Rice University, Dr. Dan Wallach
08/06/07
innovation , In elections employing electronic voting machines, we have observed that poor procedures, equipment failures, and honest mistakes pose a real...
Extending Prerendered-Interface Voting Software to Support Accessibility and Other Ballot Features , Ka-Ping Yee, UC Berkeley
08/06/07
innovation , ballot design , This work builds on the prerendered user interface (PRUI) approach for high-assurance voting software with a new design that supports...
Verification-Centric Realization of Electronic Vote Counting , Joseph R. Kiniry, Dermot Cochran, and Patrick E. Tierney, University College Dublin
08/06/07
innovation , case study , Activist computer scientists, including some of the authors of this paper, have been working against the adoption by governments of...
Contractual Barriers to Transparency in Electronic Voting Joseph Lorenzo Hall , 08/06/07
We analyze a data set of 55 contracts between state and local election jurisdictions and voting system vendors for transparency-inhibiting...
Machine-Assisted Election Auditing , Joseph A. Calandrino and J. Alex Halderman, Princeton University, Ed Felten
08/06/07
auditing , Election audit procedures usually rely on precinct-based recounts, in which workers manually review all paper ballots from selected polling places,...
An Examination of the Auditability of Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) Ballots , Stephen N. Goggin and Michael D. Byrne, Rice University
08/06/07
auditing , vvpat , With heightened concerns over the security of electronic voting machines, 37 states now require some form of voter verification mechanism...
On the Difficulty of Validating Voting Machine Software with Software , Ryan Gardner and Sujata Garera, Johns Hopkins University, Avi Rubin
08/06/07
validating software , We studied the notion of human verification of software-based attestation, which we base on the Pioneer framework. We demonstrate that...
GEMS Tabulation Database Design Issues in Relation to Voting Systems Certification Standards , Thomas P. Ryan, Cleveland State University, S. Candice Hoke
08/06/07
GEMS , certification , This paper analyzes the Diebold Election Systems, Inc. election management software (GEMS) using publicly accessible postings of GEMS election databases....
An Authentication and Ballot Layout Attack Against an Optical Scan Voting Terminal , Aggelos Kiayias, Laurent Michel, Alexander Russell, Narasimha Sashidar, Andrew See, and Alexander A
08/06/07
opscan , attack , ballot design , Recently, two e-voting technologies have been introduced and used extensively in election procedures: direct recording electronic (DRE) systems and optical...
Ballot Casting Assurance via Voter-Initiated Poll Station Auditing , Josh Benaloh, Microsoft Research
08/06/07
audit , crypto , The technology for veri¯able, open-audit elections
has advanced substantially since research on this
topic began a quarter century ago. Many of the
problems...
Bare-Handed Electronic Voting with Pre-processing , Ben Riva and Amnon Ta-Shma, Tel-Aviv University
08/06/07
crypto , noreceipt , Many electronic voting schemes assume the user votes with some computing device. This raises the question whether a voter can...
Three Voting Protocols: ThreeBallot, VAV, and Twin Warren D. Smith , , Dr. Ron Rivest 08/06/07
crypto , paper , We present three new paper-based voting methods with interesting security properties. Our goal is to achieve the same security properties...
Internet voting in the March 2007 Parliamentary Elections in Estonia , Prof. Alexander H. Trechsel, Director of the European Union Democracy Observatory, Robert Schuman, Gu, Thad Hall , Michael Alvarez
07/31/07
internet voting , remote voting , innovation , This study presents and analyses the results of a survey among the electorate of the
Estonian parliamentary elections held on 4...
CodeVoting: protecting against malicious vote manipulation at the voter's PC , Rui Joaquim and Carlos Ribeiro
07/29/07
internet voting , remote voting , innovation , coercion , Voting in uncontrolled environments, such as the Internet
comes with a price, the price of having to trust in uncontrolled machines
the...
Component Based Electronic Voting Systems , David Lundin, University of Surrey
07/29/07
design , components , An electronic voting system may be said to be composed by a number of components, each of which has a...
A practical and secure coercion-resistant scheme for remote elections , Roberto Araujo, TU-Darmstadt, Sebastien Foulle, Jacques Traore Orange Labs,
07/29/07
remote voting , coercion , Juels, Catalano, and Jakobsson (JCJ) proposed at WPES 2005 the first scheme that considers real-world threats and that is more...
Simulation-based analysis of E2E voting systems , Olivier de Marne e, Olivier Pereira, Jean-Jacques Quisquater Universite catholique de Louvain
07/29/07
crypto , analysis , End-to-end auditable voting systems are expected to guarantee very interesting, and often sophisticated security properties, including correctness, privacy, fairness, receipt-freeness,...
Software Review and Security Analysis of Diebold Voting Machine Software , SAITL, Florida State University
07/27/07
Diebold , source code , security , ...
Evaluation of Audit Sampling Models and Options for Strengthening California’s Manual Count , Post-Election Audit Standards Working Group
07/27/07
audit , Auditing is one of the most important tools for verifying election results and checking the
accuracy and reliability of voting systems....
Your Ballot’s in the Mail: Vote byby Mail and AbAbsentee Voting , Project Vote
07/09/07
vote by mail , absentee voting , remote voting , Convenience voting, defined as access to voting at a time and place of the voter’s choosing, has grown exponentially in...
Avante Vote-Trakker Voter-verified Paper Record System Assessment , New Jersey Institute of Technology
07/01/07
vvpat , security , Avante , The Attorney General’s Office issued “Criteria for Voter-Verified Paper Record for Direct
Recording Electronic Voting Machines” (the Criteria), and requested New...
Sequoia AVC Advantage Voter-verified Paper Record System Assessment , New Jersey Institute of Technology
07/01/07
vvpat , security , Sequoia , The Attorney General’s Office issued “Criteria for Voter-Verified Paper Record for Direct
Recording Electronic Voting Machines” (the Criteria), and requested New...
Sequoia AVC Edge Voter-verified Paper Record System Assessment , New Jersey Institute of Technology
07/01/07
vvpat , security , Sequoia , Recording Electronic Voting Machines” (the Criteria), and requested New Jersey Institute
of Technology (NJIT) to test Voter-Verified Paper Record Systems (VVPRS)...
A Verifiable Voting Protocol based on Farnel , Roberto Araújo, et al.
06/20/07
crypto , Farnel , paper , threeballot , Farnel is a voting system proposed in 2001 in
which each voter signs a ballot. It uses two ballot
boxes to avoid...
Component Based Electronic Voting Systems , David Lundin, University of Surrey
06/20/07
crypto , election administration , An electronic voting system may be said to be
composed by a number of components, each of which has a
number of...
Punchscan with Independent Ballot Sheets: Simplifying Ballot Printing and Distribution with Independently Selected Ballot Halves Dr. David Chaum , 06/20/07
crypto , punchscan , receipt , paper , We propose and implement a modification to the
Punchscan protocol that simplifies ballot printing
and distribution. In this improved version,
each voter creates...
Punchscan in Practice: An E2E Election Case Study , Aleks Essex, Jeremy Clark,, University of Ottawa, Rick Carback, UMBC, Stefan Popoveniuc, George Washi
06/20/07
crypto , punchscan , This paper presents a case study of the E2E voting
system Punchscan and its first use in a binding election. The
election...
Prêt à Voter: All-In-One , Z. Xia, S. Schneider, J. Heather, P. Ryan, D. Lundin, R. Peel, P. Howard
06/20/07
crypto , A number of voter-verifiable electronic voting schemes have been introduced in the recent
decades. These schemes not only provide each voter...
On the Security of Ballot Receipts in E2E Voting Systems , Jeremy Clark, Aleks Essex, and Carlisle Adams, University of Ottawa
06/20/07
crypto , receipt , punchscan , threeballot , This paper examines and compares the security of ballot receipts in three
end-to-end auditable (E2E) voting systems: Pr^et a Voter, Punchscan,...
Robust Coercion-Resistant Registration for Remote E-voting , Taisya Krivoruchko, University of Calgary
06/20/07
voter registration , remote voting , coercion , During the registration phase of remote electronic
voting schemes, the voter obtains a credential that
proves the validity of her vote later,...
Undervote and Pattern Voting: Vulnerability and a mitigation technique , Stefan Popoveniuc and Jonathan Stanton, George Washington University
06/20/07
crypto , punchscan , receipt , undervote , Highly secure and auditable voting systems have been developed recently that open up the
possibility of not only voting systems that...
Vote Verification using CAPTCHA-like Primitives , Rahul Simha and Poorvi L. Vora, George Washington University
06/20/07
crypto , ...
Process Is Technology: Coming to Terms with Systems-Level Problems and Human-Factors Failures with Voting Dr. Ted Selker , 06/20/07
electio administration , chain of custody , interface , The “technology” to be supervised in voting processes is the process itself. No one particular device can be a magic...
NASS Election Administration Survey: Early Voting and Absentee Ballot Counting Prior to Election Day National Association of Secretaries of States (NASS) , 06/04/07
early voting , absentee voting , state data , remote voting , vote by mail , ...
Elections: Action Plans Needed to Fully Address Challenges in Electronic Absentee Voting Initiatives for Military and Overseas Citizens US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 06/01/07
UOCAVA , remote voting , Since the 2000 federal election, DOD has developed several initiatives to facilitate voting by electronic means such as fax or...
A Summary Comparison of the Optical Scan (OS) and the Touch Screen (TS) Voting Terminals , UConn Voting Technology Research Center
06/01/07
optical scan , DRE , VVPAT , This summary presents an impartial discussion of the two voting technologies in wide use as of this writing (2007): Optical...
2006 Post-Midterm Local Election Official Survey Report Overseas Vote Foundation , 05/08/07
UOCAVA , remote voting , survey , election administration , Overseas Vote Foundation (OVF) conducted a survey of local election officials (LEOs) after the 2006 election in order to determine...
Civitas: A Secure Remote Voting System , Michael R. Clarkson, Stephen Chong, Andrew C. Myers Cornell University
05/01/07
remote voting , crypto , internet voting , coercion , Civitas is the first implementation of a coercion-resistant, universally verifiable,
remote voting scheme. This paper describes the design of Civitas, details...
An Information-Theoretic Model of Voting Systems , Ben Hosp, Poorvi L. Vora George Washington University
04/22/07
design , This paper presents an information-theoretic
model of a voting system, consisting of (a) definitions
of the desirable qualities of integrity, privacy
and verifiability,...
Collaborative Public Audit of the November 2006 General Election pursuant to the charge from the Cuyahoga County Board of Elections , The Collaborative Audit Committee
04/18/07
audit , OH , VVPAT , Cuyahoga , state data , Diebold , As is true of many initial audits, whether of a for-profit company or public agency, this Audit Report relates both...
Election Day Voter Registration in Iowa , Jonathan Nagler, New York University, Michael Alvarez
03/22/07
voter registration , state data , We have analyzed the likely impact of adoption of election day registration
(EDR) by the state of Iowa. Consistent with existing...
Top-To-Bottom Review Of Electronic Voting Systems Certified For Use In California Elections ,
03/22/07
certification , testing , security , accessibility , usabillity , The Secretary of State intends within the next several weeks to begin a top-to-bottom review of voting systems currently certified...
VTP Conference on Voter Authentication and Registration Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , 03/21/07
voter registration , voter ID , state data , authentication , interoperability , While much has been done in the United States in the past few decades to
make the voter registration process easier...
A Quick Primer on The Mathematics of Post-Election Audit Confidence Joseph Lorenzo Hall , 03/20/07
auditing , There has been a considerable amount of discussion surrounding post-election manual audits
of paper records produced by voting systems [3]. One...
Military Voting and the Law: Procedural and Technological Solutions to the Ballot Transit Problem Michael Alvarez , , Thad Hall 03/08/07
UOCAVA , internet voting , remote voting , SERVE , policy , During the 2000 presidential election controversy in Florida, the ballots submitted by individuals
living overseas—especially military voters—were seen as crucial to...
All Levels of Government Are Needed to Address Electronic Voting System Challenges US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 03/07/07
standards , election administration , electronic voting , Since the 2000 national elections, concerns have been raised by various groups regarding the election process, including voting technologies. Beginning...
Republic of Estonia, Parliamentary Elections: OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Report , OSCE
03/04/07
internet voting , remote voting , election observation , In response to an invitation from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Estonia, the OSCE Office for Democratic...
Comments on Help America Vote Act Amendments , Election Technology Council
03/01/07
election administration , VVPAT , auditing , open source , paper , accessibility , wireless , The Election Technology Council (ETC) consists of companies that offer voting
system technology hardware products, software and services to support the
electoral...
Case Study: Auditing the Vote Electionline.org , 03/01/07
auditing , election administration , state data , The U.S. election system has been re-fitted in recent
years with federal requirements for new voting systems,
statewide voter registration databases, provisional
ballots...
Audit Report of the Election Systems and Softeware, Inc.'s, iVotrinic Voting System in the 2006 General Election for Sarasota County, Florida , Kurt Browning, Secretary of State, FL Dept. of State, Division of Elections
02/23/07
FL2006 , FL CD13 , residual votes , ballot design , iVotronic , ES&S , testing , ...
Final Report, Security and Assurance in Information Technology Laboratory Dr. David Wagner , Mike Burmester, Breno de Medeiros, Gary Tyson, Alec Yasinsac, FSU, Dr. Michael Shamos Ph.D., J.D. 02/23/07
FL2006 , FL CD13 , residual votes , ballot design , iVotronic , ES&S , testing , On December 15th, 2007 the Florida Department of State (FLDoS) commissioned an independent
expert review of the ES&S iVotronic 8.0.1.2 firmware,...
Ballot Formats, Touchscreens, and Undervotes: A Study of the 2006 Midterm Elections in Florida , Laurin Frisina, University of Rochester, Michael C. Herron, Dartmouth College, James Honaker, Jeffrey
02/13/07
FL2006 , FL CD13 , residual votes , ballot design , The 2006 midterm elections in Florida have focused renewed attention on undervotes, ballots on
which no vote is recorded in a...
Post Election Survey Results Overseas Vote Foundation , 02/08/07
UOCAVA , remote voting , survey , election administration , Overseas Vote Foundation (OVF) is a 501(c)(3) public charity that works toward
greater enfranchisement of U.S. overseas citizen and U.S. military...
Election-Day Registration: A Case Study Electionline.org , 02/01/07
EDR , voter registration , best practices , Montana , Minnesota , state data , policy , The number of states that allow citizens who delay registering
to vote just prior to or on Election Day has
recently expanded...
Factors Associated with the Excessive CD-13 Undervote in the 2006 General Election in Sarasota County, Florida Dr. David Dill , Walter R. Mebane, Jr., Cornell01/23/07
FL2006 , FL CD13 , residual votes , ballot design , Based on statistical analysis of detailed electronic ballot and event log data from the Sarasota
general election ending November 7, 2006,...
Early Voting and Turnout , Paul Gronke, Eva Galanes-Rosenbaum, Peter A. Miller
01/16/07
early voting , voter turnout , state data , absentee voting , vote by mail , Early or convenience voting--understood in this context to be relaxed administrative rules
and procedures by which citizens can cast a ballot...
2006 EAC Annual Report US Election Assistance Commission (EAC) , 01/01/07
election administration , state data , Fiscal year (FY) 2006 ushered in two important
deadlines mandated by the Help America Vote Act
(HAVA)—the implementation of statewide voter
registration lists...
Parallel Test Summary Report for Sarasota County, FL , FL Dept. of State Bureau of Voting Systems Certification
12/18/06
FL2006 , FL CD13 , residual votes , ballot design , iVotronic , ES&S , testingx , Florida Division of Elections conducted two parallel tests of the iVotronic touchscreens in an effort to replicate the undervote count...
ThreeBallot in the Field , Harvey Jones, Jason Juang, Greg Belote MIT
12/13/06
threeballot , cryptography , paper , Voting systems have been the subject of much recent controversy. Due to the
difficulty of securing and auditing electronic voting systems,...
City and County of Denver 2006 Election Technical and Operational Assessment , FUJITSU Consulting
12/08/06
state data , residual votes , VVPAT , vote center , election administration , early voting , The general election of November 7, 2006 in Denver was marred by significant technical and
operational errors, as well as a...
Voting Fraud and Voter Intimidation Study US Election Assistance Commission (EAC) 12/01/06
voting fraud , voter intimidation , election crimes , Voting fraud and voter intimidation are phrases familiar to many voting-aged
Americans. However, they mean different things to different people. Voting...
2006 Election Administration and Voting Survey US Election Assistance Commission (EAC) 11/30/06
election administration , state data , The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) is conducting the above information collection to meet its statutory requirements under the Help...
Security Assessment of the Diebold Optical Scan Voting Terminal , A. Kiayias L. Michel A. Russell A. A. Shvartsman UCONN
10/30/06
security , Diebold , OpScan , AccuVote-OS , We present an independent security evaluation of the AccuVote Optical Scan voting terminal (AV-OS). We identify a number of new...
How to defeat Rivest's ThreeBallot Voting System Dr. Andrew Appel , 10/05/06
innovation , paper , vote selling , Rivest's ThreeBallot voting system is proposed as a
method that is secure against either vote-buying or mis-
counting. However, it is not...
The Machinery of Democracy: Voting System Security, Accessibility, Usability, and Cost Brennan Center for Justice 10/01/06
election technology , security , accessibility , usability , cost , VVPAT , voter verification , parallel testing , wireless , audits , fraud , accessibility , paper trail , On October 10, 2006, the Brennan Center for Justice released The Machinery of Democracy: Voting System Security, Accessibility, Usability, and...
The ThreeBallot Voting System Dr. Ron Rivest , 10/01/06
innovation , paper , cryptography , We present a new paper-based voting method with interesting
security properties. The attempt here is to
see if one can achieve the...
DOD Expands Voting Assistance to Military Absentee Voters, but Challenges Remain US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 09/28/06
UOCAVA , remote voting , absentee ballot , FVAP , The narrow margin of victory in the 2000 presidential election raised concerns about the extent to which members of the...
Voting System Security Review Dr. Michael Shamos Ph.D., J.D. , 09/28/06
testing , security , Hart , Diebold , AutoMARK , This report contains the findings of a consultant engaged by the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to examine the...
Enabling the Application of Open Systems like PCs for Online Voting , Melanie Volkamer, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Ammar Alkassar, Sirrix AG, Ahmad
09/19/06
internet voting , Trusted Computing , secure OS , An increasing number of elections have been performed using
Online Voting. Due to these experiences, the technical research topics
have changed: While...
Remote Electronic Voting Using Verifiable Chain Encryption , Thomas Tj<, stheim, Geir R<, sland, University of Bergen
09/19/06
receipts , internet voting , cyrptography , mixnet , In this paper,we describe a new remote electronic voting scheme. A probabilisticmultiplekey
encryption function based on an extension of ElGamal constitutes...
Tear and Destroy: Chain voting and destruction problems shared by Prêt à Voter and Punchscan and a solution using Visual Encryption , D. Lundin, H. Treharne, S. Schneider, J. Heather, Z. Xia, University of Surrey, P. Y. A. Ryan, Newca
09/19/06
Prêt à Voter , Punchscan , receipts , paper , visual cryptography , Prêt à Voter and Punchscan are two electronic voting schemes that both use paper based
ballot forms, part of which is...
How to fit cryptographic e-voting into smart cards , Sé, bastien Canard, Hervé, Sibert, France Telecom
09/19/06
group signatures , smart cards , cryptography , The complexity of voting procedures make it challenging to design a secure electronic
voting system. In many proposals, the security of...
New Generation of Voting Machines in Germany The Hamburg Way to Verify Correctness , Melanie Volkamer, Roland Vogt, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence
09/19/06
innovation , paper , digital pen , The state government of the Free and Hanseatic City of
Hamburg, Germany, is planning to introduce a new type of voting...
Security Analysis of the Diebold AccuVote-TS Voting Machine Ed Felten , Ariel J. Feldman, J. Alex Halderman Princeton University09/13/06
security , DRE , Diebiold , AccuVote , This paper presents a fully independent security study of a Diebold AccuVote-TS voting machine, including its hardware and software. We...
Independent Verification: Essential Actions to Assure Integrity in the Voting Process Roy Saltman , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 08/15/06
election fraud , audit , DRE , paper trail , independent verification , There is a need for audit trails with direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting systems. The widely used, current method of providing...
ESI Report for Cuyahoga County Investigation Steven Hertzberg , Election Science Institute 08/01/06
VVPAT , Cuyahoga , OH , audit , DRE , recount , Following the 2004 General Election in Ohio, Cuyahoga County adopted a new voting system using the Diebold
touch-screen voting system. The...
Designing voting machines for verification Dr. David Wagner , Naveen Sastry UC Berkeley, Tadayoshi Kohno, UC San Diego08/01/06
voter verification , architecture , design , We provide techniques to help vendors, independent testing
agencies, and others verify critical security properties
in direct recording electronic (DRE) voting machines.
We...
Prerendered User Interfaces for Higher-Assurance Electronic Voting Dr. David Wagner , Ka-Ping Yee, Marti Hearst UC Berkley, Steven M. Bellovin Columbia08/01/06
interface , ballot design , innovation , We propose an electronic voting machine architecture
in which the voting user interface is prerendered and
published before election day. The prerendered...
A comparison of usability between voting methods , Kristen K. Greene, Michael D. Byrne, and Sarah P. Everett, Rice University
08/01/06
usability , paper ballots , lever voting , In order to know if new electronic voting
systems truly represent a gain in usability, it is
necessary to have information about...
The Importance of Usability Testing of Voting Systems , Paul S. Herrnson, University of Maryland, Richard G. Niemi, University of Rochester, Michael J. Han
08/01/06
usability , Expert reviews, laboratory tests, and a large-scale field study of one paper/optical scan and five electronic voting systems suggested numerous...
A Critical Analysis of the Council of Europe Recommendations on E-Voting , Margaret McGaley and J. Paul Gibson, NUI Maynooth, Ireland
08/01/06
international , eu , standardization , In September 2004, the Council of Europe's Committee of Ministers officially adopted a set of standards recommended by the Multidisciplinary...
An Examination of Vote Verification Technologies: Findings and Experiences from the Maryland Study , Alan T. Sherman, Aryya Gangopadhyay, Stephen H. Holden, George Karabatis, A. Gunes Koru, Chris M. L
08/01/06
Diebold AccuvoteTS , VVPAT , DRE , voter verification , audio verification , parallel testing , Scytl Pnyx.VoteHere Sentinel , We describe our findings and experiences from our technical review of vote verification systems for the Maryland State Board of...
Making Ballot Language Understandable to Voters National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Sharon J. Laskowski,Janice (Ginny) Redish08/01/06
usability , accessibility , language , The wording and placement of instructions can help or hinder voters from successfully voting for their choices. No
research has been...
Transparency and Access to Source Code in Electronic Voting Joseph Lorenzo Hall 08/01/06
transparency , source code , open source , We examine the potential role of source code disclosure and open source code requirements in promoting technical improvements and increasing...
Application of Lean Management Principles to Election Systems , Tomer Posner, Yale University
08/01/06
innovation , framework , Lean was first adopted as a management technique for improving results in
manufacturing environments. It is based on the 5 principles...
Secure Data Export and Auditing using Data Diodes Douglas Jones , 08/01/06
security , Data diodes, that is, devices which permit only
one-way communication, without even a reverse channel
for acknowledgment, have many potential uses within
voting...
Simple Veri¯able Elections , Josh Benaloh
08/01/06
cryptography , E2E crypto , privacy , Much work has been done in recent decades to
apply sophisticated cryptographic techniques to
achieve strong end-to-end veri¯ability in election
protocols. The properties...
Ballot Casting Assurance , Ben Adida, MIT, C. Andrew Neff, VoteHere
08/01/06
cryptography , E2E crypto , privacy , We propose that voting protocols be judged in part on
ballot casting assurance, a property which complements
universal verifiability. Some protocols already...
e-Voting in Estonia , Liia Hä, nni
07/26/06
internet voting , Estonia , pilot , Estonia Municipal elections 2005...
Electronic Voting Will Present Challenges for November , Committee on a Framework For Understanding Electronic Voting, National Research Council
07/25/06
election administration , electronic voting , Many jurisdictions will face unprecedented challenges as they prepare to use new electronic voting equipment for the November elections, says...
Are Americans Confident Their Ballots are Counted? Michael Alvarez , Llewellyn, Morgan, Caltech, Thad Hall , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 07/17/06
voter trust , voter confidence , ballot recording , Expanding the large literature which investigates the characteristics of citizen and voter trust in
government we analyze the heretofore neglected topic...
Advances in Cryptographic Voting Systems Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Ben Adida, MIT07/01/06
cryptography , security , Democracy depends on the proper administration of popular elections. Voters should receive
assurance that their intent was correctly captured and that...
How Hard Can it Be: Do Citizens Think It Is Difficult to Vote? Michael Alvarez , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 07/01/06
election management , voter registration , election reform , voter confidence , Political equality is seen as an intrinsic normative principle for the adequate functioning
of a democratic republic. However, it is well...
Holding Form: Voter Registration 2006 Electionline.org , 07/01/06
voter registration , EDR , innovation , state data , While the casting and counting of ballots as well as the tracking of registered voters
has seen profound changes in the...
The Nation's Evolving Election System as Reflected in the November 2004 General Election US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 06/01/06
election reform , policy , HAVA , election administration , voter registration , The 2004 general election was the first presidential election that tested substantial changes states made to their election systems since...
Voter Removal from Registration List Based on Name Matching is Unreliable Dr. Ted Selker , Alexandre Buer, MIT04/01/06
voter registration , voter matching , purging , voter database , voter identification , The voter registration list is the information backbone for the administration of elections.
Keeping it up-to-date is a difficult task that...
Absentee Voting Assistance to Military and Overseas Citizens Increased for the 2004 General Election, but Challenges Remain US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 04/01/06
UOCAVA , remote voting , absentee ballot , FVAP , The narrow margin of victory in the 2000 presidential election raised concerns about the extent to which members of the...
Improving the Election Day Survey Michael Alvarez , Thad Hall , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 03/31/06
state data , election administration , data quality , survey , The collection of detailed election administration data from local and state jurisdictions across
the United States has proven difficult. The problem...
Voting Technology: The Way Forward Daniel Tokaji 03/29/06
technology , HAVA , policy , ...
The EAC is Beginning to Fill the Institutional Void. But Changes in HAVA May Be Needed Roy Saltman 03/29/06
HAVA , policy , election administration , ...
Voter Registration Systems Congressional Research Service , Congressional Research Service03/22/06
voter registration , policy , The fundamental purpose of a voter-registration system is to restrict access to the voting booth - to ensure that only...
Making the List: Database Matching and Verification Processes for Voter Registration Brennan Center for Justice 03/01/06
voter registration , voter matching , purging , voter database , voter identification , In 2006, virtually every state will experience serious changes in its voter registration
process. The Help America Vote Act of 2002...
How to Store Ballots on a Voting Machine Dr. David Wagner , David Molnar UC Berkeley, Tadayoshi Kohno, UC San Diego, Naveen Sastry, UC Berkeley03/01/06
PROM , architecture , security , design , fraud prevention , We enumerate requirements and give constructions for
the vote storage unit of an electronic voting machine. In
this application, the record of...
Guidelines for Writing Clear Instructions for Voters & Poll Workers National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Janice (Ginny) Redish, Ph.D.02/21/06
language , instructions , human factors , Voters are exercising an important right as American citizens. If they cannot
understand how to use their voting materials, they may...
Statewide Databases of Registered Voters: Study Of Accuracy, Privacy, Usability, Security, and Reliability Issues Association for Computing Machinery 02/01/06
accuracy , privacy , voter registration , voter database , The voter registration process may seem simple to most voters. They give their names, addresses, birth date, and in some...
Federal Voluntary Voting System Guidelines: FAQs Congressional Research Service , Congressional Research Service01/11/06
VVSG , EAC , policy , certification , The federal Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) are a set of technical standards for voting systems that use computers to...
A Study of Vote Verification Technology Conducted for the Maryland State Board of Elections Center for American Politics and Citizenship 01/01/06
usability , diebold , maryland , AccuVote-TS , scytl , audio verification , The University of Maryland's Center for American Politics and Citizenship, along with the Human-Computer Interaction Lab, conducted a usability study...
2005 EAC Annual Report US Election Assistance Commission (EAC) 01/01/06
election adminstration , state data , As election officials throughout the
country worked to meet the 2006
deadlines of the Help America Vote
Act (HAVA) of 2002, the U.S....
Augmenting Voting Interfaces to Improve Accessibility and Performance Dr. Ted Selker , Jonathan A. Goler, MIT, Lorin F. Wilde, MIT01/01/06
ballot design , usability , accessibility , cognitive modeling , Reading disabled (RD) voters represent approximately 1 in
7 voters. Current electronic voting technologies exhibit
substantially different error rates between RD voters...
Nine States' Experiences Implementing Federal Requirements for Computerized Statewide Voter Registration Lists US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 01/01/06
voter registration , policy , state data , election administration , NVRA , HAVA , The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) was enacted in part to help ensure that only eligible persons are...
Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (Volume One) US Election Assistance Commission (EAC) 12/13/05
voting technology , testing , certification , The United States Congress passed the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) to
modernize the administration of federal elections, marking...
Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (Volume Two) US Election Assistance Commission (EAC) 12/13/05
voting technology , testing , certification , The United States Congress passed the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) to
modernize the administration of federal elections, marking...
Review of the gap between instructions for voting and best practice in providing instructions National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Janice (Ginny) Redish, Ph.D.12/09/05
language , instructions , usability , ballot design , human factors , Voters are exercising an important right as American citizens. If they cannot
understand how to use their voting materials, they may...
Convergent Usability Evaluation: A Case Study from the EIRS Project , Jeff Johnson, CPSR
12/01/05
usability , election problems , Two non-profit organizations developed a Web application to help monitor U.S. elections: the Election Incident Reporting System (EIRS). The mostly-volunteer...
Ballot Design and Unrecorded Votes on Paper-based Ballots , David Kimball,Martha Kropf
12/01/05
ballot design , paper , residual votes , 2000 election , ...
Qualitative Evaluation: "VotoElectronico: Prueba Piloto 2005, Ciudad De Buenos Aires" Michael Alvarez 11/01/05
Buenos Aires , insternational , election pilot , The Buenos Aires "VotoElectronico" pilot project took place on October 23, 2005, in the
City of Buenos Aires. It involved a...
Beyond the Hanging Chad: The Promise and Performance of Electronic Voting Paul Herrnson , 10/26/05
ballot design , usability , ...
Potential Threats to Statewide Voter Registration Systems Michael Alvarez , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 10/06/05
voting system threats , security , voting attacks , The Help America Vote Act (HAVA), passed in 2002, requires that states
implement "...a single, uniform, official, centralized, interactive computerized statewide
voter...
Precinct Voting Denial Of Service Michael Alvarez , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 10/05/05
voting system threats , security , voting attacks , This is a type of threat that has a long history in electoral politics, and can take many
forms.1 The basic...
U.S. Assistance for the January 2005 Elections US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 09/07/05
election administration , international , iraq , Fostering a democratic and publicly elected government in Iraq is a U.S. foreign policy priority. According to the President, the...
Lessons And Trends In E-Voting: Initiatives In The Us And Abroad Michael Alvarez , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Thad Hall 09/01/05
voting technology , election reform , voting pilot , international , voting abroad , Since the 2000 election, there has been a debate over the role of voting technology in the election
process. In 2000...
Machines Versus Humans: The Counting And Recounting Of Pre-Scored Punchcard Ballots , Jonathan N. Katz, Caltech, Sarah A. Hill, Caltech
09/01/05
recounts , manual recounts , pre-scored punchcard voting , accuracy , reliability , The counting of ballots, especially punchcard ballots, has received a great deal of attention
in the years following the 2000 presidential...
Views of Selected Local Election Officials on Managing Voter Registration and Ensuring Eligible Citizens Can Vote US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 09/01/05
voter registration , policy , state data , election administration , NVRA , HAVA , GAO's past work and the work of others has shown that challenges processing voter registration applications and maintaining voter registration...
Federal Efforts to Improve Security and Reliability of Electronic Voting Systems Are Under Way, but Key Activities Need to Be Completed US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 09/01/05
electronic voting , security , policy , The Help America Vote Act of 2002 established the Election Assistance Commission (EAC) to help improve state and local administration...
Building Confidence in U.S. Elections: Report of the Commission on Federal Election Reform , Carter-Baker Commission on Federal Election Reform
09/01/05
voter id , voter registration , election administration , provisional ballots , vote by mail , internet voting , interoprabillity , election cost , vote center , access , Building confidence in U.S. elections is central to our nation's democracy. At a time when there is growing skepticism with...
Views of Selected Local Election Officials on Managing Voter Registration and Ensuring Eligible Citizens Can Vote US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 09/01/05
voter registration , election administration , survey , Election officials representing all but one of the jurisdictions we surveyed
following the November 2004 election said they faced some challenges
managing...
Encrypted Receipts for Voter-Verified Elections Using Homomorphic Encryption Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Joy Marie Forsythe, MIT08/16/05
cryptography , voter verification , Voters are now demanding the ability to verify that their votes are cast and counted
as intended. Most existing cryptographic election...
Measuring the usability of paper ballots: Efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction , Sarah P. Everett, Michael D. Byrne, and Kristen K. Greene, Rice University
08/16/05
ballot design , usability , paper ballots , The Help America Vote Act (HAVA) of 2002 secured funding for improvements to election administration.
Improvements include upgrading older voting systems...
Measuring The Impact Of Voting Technology On Residual Vote Rates Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Delia Grigg, Caltech08/01/05
residual votes , In the wake of the 2000 election, the importance of knowing the impact of voting equipment on
the number of uncounted...
Measuring The Improvement (Or Lack Of Improvement) In Voting Since 2000 In The U.S. Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Charles Stewart III 08/01/05
american voting process , voting performance measures , election reform , data agenda , evaluation , This paper summarizes what systematic evidence exists about the performance of the American
voting process in 2004 and proposes a comprehensive...
Whose Absentee Votes Are Counted: The Variety And Use Of Absentee Ballots In California Michael Alvarez , Betsy Sinclair, Caltech, Thad Hall , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 07/19/05
absentee voting , election administration , voting behavior , California , Absentee voting is becoming more prevalent throughout the United States. While there
has been some research focused on who votes by...
The Next Big Election Challenge: Developing Electronic Data Transaction Standards for Election Administration Michael Alvarez , Thad Hall , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 07/01/05
voter registration , election technology , standardization , The world of electronic technology-from e-mail to the Internet-works because of the existence of basic standards of data exchange. In...
Voter Registration: Past, Present, And Future Written Testimony Prepared For The Commission On Federal Election Reform Michael Alvarez , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 06/17/05
voter registratio , history , The Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project identified problems with voter registration
as a pressing problem in the 2000 presidential election; between 1.5...
Testimony On Voter Verification: Presentation To Senate Committee On Rules And Administration Dr. Ted Selker , Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 06/01/05
voter verificattion , In the past five years, following the 2000 Florida election fiasco, the voting technologies used in the United
States have undergone...
Additional Data Could Help State and Local Elections Officials Maintain Accurate Voter Registration Lists US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 06/01/05
voter registration , policy , state data , election administration , NVRA , HAVA , Reports of ineligible persons registering to vote raised concerns about state processes for verifying voter registration lists. States base voter...
Auditing Technology for Electronic Voting Machines Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Sharon Cohen, MIT05/01/05
DRE , audits , audio verification , vvpat , Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) voting machine security has been a significant
topic of contention ever since Diebold voting machine code turned...
An Active Approach To Voting Verification Dr. Ted Selker , Sharon Cohen, MIT, Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 05/01/05
audit trail , paper trail , voter verifiation , usability , audia verification , As our voting systems have come to rely more deeply on computer
technology there have been great opportunities to improve the...
Towards a Privacy Measurement Criterion for Voting Systems Lillie Coney , Poorvi L. Vora GWU, Dr. David Wagner , Joseph Lorenzo Hall 05/01/05
privacy , This paper provides a definition for perfect privacy in electronic
and other voting systems, and an entropybased criterion to measure the...
Residual Votes Attributable to Technology Stephen Ansolabehere , , Charles Stewart III 05/01/05
residual votes , We examine the relative performance of voting technologies by studying presidential,
gubernatorial, and senatorial election returns across hundreds of counties in...
Election Observation Handbook: Fifth edition , Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
04/21/05
election observation , transparency , election administration , The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a transatlantic intergovernmental
organization of 55 participating States that spans the...
The Impact of Voting Systems on Residual Votes, Incomplete Ballots, and Other Measures of Voting Behavior , Michael W. Traugott, Won-Ho Park, Frederick G. Conrad, University of Michigan, Michael J. Hanmer, Geo
04/07/05
residual votes , Several states have responded to the problems associated with the 2000 elections,
especially those that arose in Florida, by commissioning studies,...
Military and Overseas Absentee Voting In the 2004 Presidential Election , National Defense Committee
03/30/05
uocava , remote voting , As part of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA),
Congress has required: “Each State shall designate a single...
Elections Reform: Overview and Issues Congressional Research Service , Congressional Research Service02/04/05
policy , HAVA , election reform , election administration , funding , Since the November 2000 Presidential election, previously obscure details of voting and vote counting have become the focus of ongoing...
Orienting Graphical User Interfaces Reduces Errors: The Low Error Voting Interface Dr. Ted Selker , Matt Hockenberry, MIT, John Goler, MIT, Shawn Sullivan, MIT02/01/05
ballot design , usability , accessibility , interface , overvote , undervote , This paper demonstrates opportunities for reducing errors with orienting
graphical interface for voting. We have built many interfaces to explore
opportunities for...
Who Does Better With A Big Interface? Improving Voting Performance Of Reading For Disabled Voters Dr. Ted Selker , Jonathan A. Goler, MIT, Lorin F. Wilde, MIT02/01/05
ballot design , usability , accessibility , This study shows how ballot interfaces variably affect the voting performance of people
with different abilities. An interface with all information...
Residual Vote In The 2004 Election Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Charles Stewart III 02/01/05
residual votes;2004 election , election reform , Seventeen million more people voted in 2004 than voted in 2000, a 14% increase.
Approximately one million of these "new votes"...
Studying Elections: Data Quality and Pitfalls in Measuring the Effects of Voting Technologies Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , 02/01/05
state data , residual votes , Professor Geralyn Miller reminds us of the range of voting administration practices
across the United States. We use this variability to...
Asking the Right Questions about Electronic Voting , The National Academies Committee on a Framework for Understanding Electronic Voting
01/01/05
electronic voting , election administration , This report articulates important questions and issues that election officials, policy makers, and informed citizens should ask concerning the use...
Observing Electronic Voting , Kåre Vollan, The Norwegian Centre for Human Rights
01/01/05
election observation , election administration , remote voting , transparency , Since the early 1990s methodologies for observing elections have been developed, in particular
by regional organisations like the OSCE, AU and...
Location, Knowledge, and Time Pressures in the Spatial Structure of Convenience Voting , James G. Gimpel, Ann Marie Leonetti, Joshua J. Dyck University of Maryland, Daron R. Shaw University
01/01/05
convenience voting , remote voting , absentee voting , early voting , In this paper we examine the geography of voting methods in two metropolitan areas in
key battleground states where convenience voting...
American Elections: A Critical Moment For Research And Reform Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Michael Alvarez 12/01/04
history , voter registration , poll site voting , electronic voting , voting technology , election administration , election auditing , election governance , The 2004 election provided important lessons regarding the performance of
voting technology, about continuing problems with voter registration and
provisional balloting, issues...
Processes Can Improve Electronic Voting: A Case Study Of An Election Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Dr. Ted Selker 10/01/04
electronic voting , procedural security , chain of custody , reno 2004 , precinct observation , Across the United States, I have personally watched hundreds of precincts vote since 2001. Most recently, I
traveled to Reno/Sparks, Nevada...
Making Each Vote Count: A Research Agenda for Electronic Voting , American Association for the Advancement of Science
10/01/04
electronic voting , election administration , Central to the election of the political leadership in any democratic country is a
voting system that confers legitimacy on its...
The Voter Verifiable Audio Audit Transcript Trail (VVAAT) Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Dr. Ted Selker 09/01/04
audio verification , voter verification , vvpat , audits , The debate about verifiable voter audit trails has prematurely narrowed into two camps: those who categorically
deny the need for any...
Analysis of Voting Data from the Recent Venezuela Referendum Avi Rubin , Adam Stubblefield, Ed Felten 09/01/04
venezuela , referendum , chavez , simulation , statistical analysis , fraud , After the August 15 referendum in Venezuela on whether or not to recall president Chávez, opposition groups examined the polling...
Misassessment of Security in Computer-Based Election Systems Douglas Jones 09/01/04
security , cryptography , The second article, by Professor Douglas Jones of the University of Iowa, critiques what appears
to be the current state-of-the-art in...
Defining a Summative Usability Test for Voting Systems , Whitney Quesenbery, Usability Professionals' Association
09/01/04
usability , accessibility , ballot design , At the UPA (Usability Professionals' Association) 2004 annual conference, a group of interdisciplinary professionals held a workshop to consider issues...
ACM Policy Recommendations on Electronic Voting Systems Association for Computing Machinery , 09/01/04
electronic voting , policy , voter registration database , usability , Virtually all voting systems in use today (punch-cards, lever machines, hand counted paper ballots, etc.) are subject to fraud and...
An N-Version Electronic Voting System Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project , Soyini D. Liburd, MIT07/01/04
electronic voting , voting security , voting system architecture , N-version programming , ballot design , The ballot battles of the 2000 US Presidential Election clearly indicate that existing voting
technologies and processes are not sufficient to...
Elections: Electronic Voting Offers Opportunities and Presents Challenges US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 06/20/04
electronic voting , security , innovation , policy , funding , The technology used to cast and count votes is one aspect of the multifaceted U.S. election process. GAO examined voting...
Voting, Vote Capture and Vote Counting Symposium: Electronic Voting Best Practices , Kennedy School of Government
06/01/04
best practive , electronic voting , The following is a set of annotated best practices, written as a
summary of the Symposium. Although not every Symposium attendee
will...
Overview of Voting Equipment Usage in United States, Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) Voting Kim Brace , Election Data Services 05/05/04
history;usage data , It is a pleasure for me to introduce the topic of today's public hearing-the security and
reliability of electronic voting systems-by...
Analysis of an Electronic Voting System Avi Rubin , Adam Stubblefield, Tadayoshi Kohno, Dr. Dan Wallach 05/01/04
electronic voting , diebold , vendors , With significant U.S. federal funds now available to replace outdated punch-card and mechanical voting systems, municipalities and states throughout the...
Improving the Usability andAccessibility of VotingSystems and Products National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 05/01/04
accessibility , usability , In the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) of 2002, Public Law 107-252, the Election
Assistance Commission is mandated to submit a...
Operation Iraqi Freedom: Long-standing Problems Hampering Mail Delivery Need to Be Resolved US Government Accountability Office (GAO) , 04/14/04
UOVAVA , remote voting , vote-by-mail , Mail is a morale booster for troops fighting overseas and for their families at home. More than 65 million pounds...
Paper v. Electronic Voting Records - An Assessment Dr. Michael Shamos Ph.D., J.D. 04/01/04
electronic voting , electronic records , paper records , DRE , There has been much discussion in the popular press concerning the use of contemporaneous paper trails to plug various perceived...
Security Vulnerabilities And Problems With VVPT Dr. Ted Selker , Jon Goler, MIT, Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 04/01/04
VVPAT , electronic voting , voter verification , security , fraud , A proposed Voter Verifiable Paper Trail (VVPT) includes a printed ballot as a receipt that a voter can view to...
A Security Analysis of the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE) David Jefferson , Avi Rubin , Dr. Barbara Simons , Dr. David Wagner 01/20/04
internet voting , UOCAVA , FVAP , SERVE , This report is a review and critique of computer and communication security issues in the SERVE voting system (Secure Electronic...
Trusted Agent Report Diebold AccuVote-TS Voting System , RABA Technologies,
01/20/04
Diebiold , AccuVote , security , MD , VVPAT , At the request of the State of Maryland, RABA Technology's Innovative Solution Cell
(RiSC) performed a review of the DIEBOLD touch-screen...
The SAVE System: Secure Architecture For Voting Electronically Existing Technology, With Built-In Redundancy, Enables Reliability Dr. Ted Selker , Jonathan Goler, MIT, Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project 01/01/04
electronic voting , voting security , voting system architecture , reliability , redundancy , Existing technology is capable of yielding secure, reliable, and auditable voting systems.
This system outlines an architecture based on redundancy at...
